address
defines whom the speaker is addressing
In standard realism, 'address' is to the other dialogue partner or partners. These characters speak to each other, within the story space or diegesis. (See Standard production.)
In monologue, the address is either to oneself,
or it can be expressly to the listener, in "direct address".
The narrator/commentator usually addresses
the listener directly.
Unless it is direct, address places the listeners outside the diegesis,
as eavesdroppers.
In most radio programmes address is directly to the listener. Plays are an exception. In discussion programmes it is most often to those involved in their dialogue together, while the anchor person will address the listeners directly, usually framing the programme. In plays, address can have more than a single function. A monologue can be both to the speaker himself or herself, and to the listeners. If the narrator/commentator implicitly or explicitly acknowledges the listeners' existence, the listener is brought in to the diegesis, less as an eavesdropper and more as a confidante. Address is related to mode.
Consider the example of address in the opening sequence of Under Milk
Wood - "Listen!". Narration in the radio plays is more likely
to acknowledge the listening audience, by contrast with film, where the
spectators are rarely addressed directly and the narration does not draw
attention to itself.
Address in the radio monologue play can be especially ambiguous. The style
of address is to the single listener, listening alone. Address is a complex
and interesting issue in radio.
Assignment on address
Collect examples from plays.
Analyse the address of DJs, the news, a R4 feature, 'Woman's Hour'.
CONTINUING THROUGH THE SITE: to naming
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'moving camera' technique |
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'Will you turn that music down!' |
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| number the scenes carefully with a system | voice in the mind = interiorizing | |
To Analysing radio drama
To Radio Drama Theory Lesson Plan
